13th century

In the 13th century, the region of Kollapur (in today’s Nagarkurnool district, Telangana) was firmly under the control of the powerful Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal, one of the most influential Telugu-speaking kingdoms in medieval South India.

⚔️ Political Rule: Kakatiya Dynasty

? Key Ruler: Rani Rudramadevi (r. 1262–1289 CE)

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  One of the few female monarchs in Indian history.

  
  


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  She ruled as a king (not queen) and wore the male title "Rudradeva Maharaja."

  
  


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  Consolidated Kakatiya power in Telangana, including the Palamuru region, where Kollapur is located.

  
  


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  Promoted irrigation (tank building), land reforms, and temple patronage.

  
  

Other important rulers:

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  Ganapatideva (r. ~1199–1262 CE), her father, expanded the kingdom.

  
  


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  The Kakatiyas faced increasing threats from the Delhi Sultanate in the late 13th century.

  
  

? Cultural and Architectural Growth

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  Temple construction flourished in the Kakatiya architectural style (star-shaped plans, elaborate carvings, stone mandapas).

  
  


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  Kollapur and surrounding regions likely had local temples or shrines constructed during this time.

  
  


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  Telugu inscriptions and literature grew under Kakatiya patronage.

  
  

? Irrigation and Economy

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  The Kakatiyas built many tanks (cheruvulu) to support agriculture.

  
  


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  Kollapur, located near the Krishna River, benefited from:

  
  
  
  
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    Rice, cotton, and millet cultivation.

    
    
  
  
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    Possibly trade via river and land routes.

    
    
  
  
  
  

⚠️ External Threats Toward the End of the Century

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  Late 13th century: Invasions from the Delhi Sultanate began (e.g., Malik Kafur in early 14th century).

  
  


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  Kakatiyas started fortifying regions, building forts, and preparing defenses.