4th century

During the 4th century CE, Kolhapur, located in present-day Maharashtra, was influenced by broader developments in the Deccan region. While detailed records specifically about Kolhapur are limited, here’s what is likely or inferred to have occurred based on regional history:

1. Rule of the Satavahanas (ending phase)

•The Satavahana dynasty, which had earlier ruled large parts of the Deccan, was in decline by the early 4th century.

•Kolhapur and nearby areas might still have remnants of Satavahana control or cultural influence.

2. Rise of the Vakataka Dynasty

•The Vakatakas, who ruled parts of Maharashtra and Central India, were emerging as a powerful force.

•Kolhapur may have been on the periphery of Vakataka influence.

•The Vakatakas were patrons of art and religion, especially Brahmanism and early Hindu temples.

3. Buddhism and Early Hinduism

•Temples and cave architecture from this era show co-existence of Buddhist and Hindu religious sites.

•Kolhapur likely had early shrines or temples devoted to deities like Mahalakshmi (who became more prominent in later centuries).

4. Trade and Agriculture

•The city was likely a small but important trade center on routes connecting inland Maharashtra with coastal ports.

•Agricultural activity flourished due to the Panchganga River, forming the economic base of the region.

5. Early Temple Architecture

•While major temples like the Mahalakshmi Temple were developed more fully in later centuries, some form of early religious structures may have existed in or around Kolhapur by the 4th century.