3rd century

During the 3rd century CE, Kolhapur and the surrounding region saw important transitions and developments. Although detailed records of Kolhapur city specifically are scarce, historians have pieced together likely events from archaeological, epigraphical, and regional data. Here’s what likely happened:

? 1. Decline of the Satavahana Dynasty

• The Satavahana dynasty, which controlled much of the Deccan including Kolhapur, was in decline by the mid-to-late 3rd century.


• This led to political instability and fragmentation of their territory.


• Local rulers and feudatories began erting independence.

? 2. Rise of the Western Kshatrapas (Shaka Rulers)

• The Western Kshatrapas, also known as the Shaka rulers, expanded their influence into western Maharashtra.


• They may have controlled or contested parts of southwestern Maharashtra, including Kolhapur, during this time.


• They were known for their coinage and inscriptions.

? 3. Trade and Economy

• Kolhapur remained linked to regional trade networks.


• Goods like cotton, rice, metalware, spices, and beads were likely produced and exchanged.


• The presence of Roman and local coins in Maharashtra indicates continued trade with western and southern regions.

? 4. Cultural and Religious Activity

• Buddhism and Jainism remained influential in nearby areas. Monasteries and cave temples were active in Maharashtra.


• Local Hindu deities like Mahalakshmi (Ambabai) continued to be worshipped, possibly in small shrines.


• Ritual and temple practices were becoming more established.

? 5. Agriculture and Rural Life

• The Panchganga river and fertile soil supported agriculture.


• Villages near Kolhapur likely grew crops such as rice, sugarcane, millet, and lentils.


• Pottery and other local crafts were common.

? 6. Transition Period

• The late 3rd century marked a power vacuum after the fall of Satavahanas and before the rise of the Rashtrakutas in later centuries.


• This period likely saw local chieftains or tribal rulers exercising more control in Kolhapur.