17th century

Here is a detailed overview of key events and developments in Kolhapur city during the 17th century (1600–1699 CE) — a transformative period shaped by Maratha history, Mughal conflict, and local power struggles.

? 1. Rise of the Marathas under Shivaji Maharaj

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj (born 1630) began his campaign to establish Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule) in western Maharashtra.


• Kolhapur region, strategically located in the Sahyadri hills, played a role in:




• Guerrilla warfare against the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur


• Resistance to Mughal expansion in the Deccan






• Shivaji captured nearby forts and gained control over areas around Kolhapur.

? 2. Kolhapur as a Royal Seat (Late 17th Century)

• After Shivaji’s death in 1680, a succession dispute between his sons Sambhaji and Rajaram led to political instability.


• In 1689, after Sambhaji was captured and executed by the Mughals, his brother Rajaram Maharaj fled from Raigad and took refuge in Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu).


• Later, Rajaram’s widow, Tarabai, became a prominent leader and regent for her son Shivaji II.

? Formation of the Kolhapur State (1690s)

• Tarabai established a separate power center in Kolhapur, marking the beginning of the Kolhapur royal lineage (separate from Satara).


• This division laid the foundation for the Kolhapur princely state, which became formally recognized in the 18th century under the Bhosale dynasty.

⚔️ 3. Wars with the Mughals

• Kolhapur and its surrounding forts were involved in the Maratha–Mughal wars.


• Mughal emperor Aurangzeb led multiple campaigns into the Deccan (including Kolhapur) to crush the Maratha resistance.


• Battles, sieges, and guerrilla tactics shaped life in Kolhapur during this turbulent time.

? 4. Religious and Cultural Activity

• Despite political unrest, temple activity continued, especially the worship of Goddess Mahalakshmi.


• Kolhapur’s religious identity remained strong, and the Mahalakshmi Temple likely saw upkeep and protection during the Maratha period.


• Maratha royal patronage encouraged local traditions, festivals, and rituals.

? 5. Economy and Society

• The constant wars disrupted agriculture and trade, but Kolhapur’s fortified nature and spiritual status helped it endure.


• Local society included:




• Maratha warriors


• Brahmins, artisans, and traders


• Temple priests and workers tied to Mahalakshmi worship






• The Jagir system (land grants to nobles and warriors) was actively practiced.