10th century

Here’s what likely happened in Kolhapur city during the 10th century CE (900–999 AD), based on historical records, inscriptions, and regional developments:

? 1. Political Developments

? Rashtrakuta Dynasty (till ~973 CE):

• Kolhapur was under the control of the Rashtrakutas, one of the major dynasties of the Deccan.


• Rulers like Krishna III (reigned c. 939–967 CE) were powerful and conducted campaigns in Tamil Nadu and northern India.


• The Rashtrakutas issued copper plate inscriptions in or near Kolhapur, granting land to Brahmins and temples.

? Emergence of the Shilahara Dynasty (Post-973 CE):

• After the decline of Rashtrakutas around 973 CE, the Shilaharas of Kolhapur rose to power.


• The Kolhapur branch of the Shilahara dynasty ruled the region from late 10th century onward.


• They claimed descent from legendary figures and were feudatories of the Rashtrakutas, but later gained more independence.

? 2. Religion and Temples

• Worship of Goddess Mahalakshmi continued to be central to Kolhapur. While the present Mahalakshmi temple structure is from later times, early temple structures or shrines likely existed.


• Shaivism and Shaktism were dominant.


• Temple construction in Chalukya-Rashtrakuta style (with stone carvings and mandapas) likely flourished during this period.

? 3. Inscriptions and Language

• Many stone and copper plate inscriptions from the 10th century have been found around Kolhapur.




• They mention land grants, temple donations, and Brahmin settlements.






• Language used was Sanskrit, with early forms of Marathi appearing in regional usage.

?️ 4. Trade and Economy

• Kolhapur was a part of trade networks that connected the Deccan plateau with the Konkan coast and beyond.


• Agricultural growth, with sugarcane, rice, and pulses, supported temple endowments and local rulers.


• Local artisans, stone carvers, and metal workers began thriving under royal patronage.

? 5. City Growth and Society

• Kolhapur began evolving into an important religious and administrative town.


• The growth of Brahmin agraharas (villages granted to Brahmins) shaped the social fabric.


• Cultural activities — including rituals, festivals, and temple arts — gained importance.