19th century

The 19th century (1801–1900) was a dramatic and transitional era for Kolhapur, marked by colonial intervention, administrative reforms, and the shaping of Kolhapur into a modern princely state under British suzerainty.

Here’s a breakdown of what happened in Kolhapur during the 19th century:

?? 1. British Political Control Begins

• In 1818, after the defeat of the Peshwas in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British East India Company took control of most Maratha territories.


• Kolhapur became a princely state under British protection, maintaining nominal independence but with a British Resident overseeing major decisions.


• It was part of the Deccan States Agency in British India.

? 2. Rule of the Bhonsle Dynasty Continues

• The Bhonsle royal family continued ruling Kolhapur with British oversight.


• The royal court shifted focus from military power to administration and public welfare.


• Reforms in land revenue, law, and policing began under British guidance.

? 3. Social and Educational Reforms

• Progressive rulers like Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj (r. 1894–1922), who came to power at the end of the 19th century, began modernizing Kolhapur.


• He focused on:




• Education for all castes, especially the lower castes.


• Abolition of untouchability and caste-based discrimination.


• Establishment of schools, including hostels for backward cles.






• Though much of his rule was in the early 20th century, the foundations were laid in the late 1800s.

?️ 4. Infrastructure and City Development

• Roads, bridges, markets, and public buildings were constructed.


• Modern administration systems were introduced with help from British advisors.


• The city saw improvements in urban planning, sanitation, and public works.

? 5. Religious and Cultural Life

• The Mahalakshmi Temple remained a vibrant religious site.


• Folk arts, music, and Marathi literature continued to flourish.


• Wrestling (kushti) and theatre gained royal patronage.