18th century

The 18th century was a crucial period in the history of Kolhapur, as it developed into an independent princely state under the Maratha royal family and played an important role in the broader politics of the Maratha Confederacy. Here’s what happened during the 1700s:

? 1. Establishment of the Kolhapur State

• After the death of Shivaji Maharaj in 1680 and a series of internal disputes, the Maratha Empire split into two centers of power:




• Satara, ruled by descendants of Shivaji’s son Shahu I.


• Kolhapur, ruled by descendants of Rajaram Maharaj (Shivaji’s second son).






• In 1700, Maharani Tarabai, widow of Rajaram, declared her son Shivaji II as ruler and set up an independent kingdom in Kolhapur.


• Thus began the Bhonsle dynasty of Kolhapur, which ruled as a separate branch of the Maratha royal family.

⚔️ 2. Internal Conflicts and Power Struggles

• The 18th century saw frequent conflicts between the Satara and Kolhapur branches of the Bhonsles.


• Kolhapur also had to manage noble rebellions, shifting alliances, and occasional disputes with neighboring jagirdars (feudal lords).


• Despite instability, the state retained its independence.

? 3. Administrative Developments

• Kolhapur developed as a royal city, with palaces, administrative buildings, temples, and forts.


• The state was governed under a Maratha administrative system, including deshmukhs, sardars, and karbhari (chief ministers).


• Land revenue, trade, and military service formed the backbone of its economy.

? 4. Religious and Cultural Growth

• The Mahalakshmi Temple continued to be the religious heart of the city, attracting pilgrims from across Maharashtra and Karnataka.


• Maratha rulers supported the construction and restoration of temples and local arts.


• Patronage of Marathi literature, poetry, and music was active.


• Religious festivals like Navaratri were celebrated with royal participation.

? 5. Relations with the British and Peshwas

• During the later part of the 18th century, Kolhapur rulers had interactions with the British East India Company.


• Although Kolhapur was part of the broader Maratha Confederacy, it maintained relative autonomy.


• The growing influence of the Peshwas (Maratha Prime Ministers) in Pune led to occasional tensions.


• By the end of the century, British influence in Maharashtra was increasing, setting the stage for future treaties.