19th century

During the 19th century, Kolhapur went through major political, social, and administrative changes under the influence of the British colonial system and internal developments in the Kolhapur princely state. Here are the key events and developments in Kolhapur during the 1800s:

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⚖️ 1. Kolhapur Under British Paramountcy

After the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818), the Maratha Empire was defeated, and the British East India Company gained control over most of Maharashtra.

Kolhapur became a princely state under British suzerainty (not directly ruled but controlled by treaty).

The British appointed a Resident/Political Agent to oversee Kolhapur’s administration.

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? 2. Rulers of Kolhapur State

The Kolhapur throne was held by the Bhonsle dynasty, descendants of Shivaji Maharaj.

Shahaji I (ruled 1822–1838) and Shivaji IV (ruled 1838–1866) were important 19th-century rulers.

During some reigns, minor kings led to British-appointed regencies, which influenced modernization.

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?️ 3. Administrative and Social Reforms

The British introduced modern administrative structures:

Revenue systems

Law and order (police, courts)

Education in English and Marathi

The Kolhapur High School (now Rajaram College) was established in 1880.

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? 4. Cultural Renaissance and Architecture

Temples and public buildings were built or restored in Indo-Saracenic style.

Kolhapur emerged as a cultural center in southern Maharashtra.

Patronage of Marathi literature, music, and theatre flourished.

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?️ 5. Infrastructure Development

Roads connecting Kolhapur to nearby cities improved trade.

The railway reached Kolhapur by late 19th century, enhancing transport and economy.

Urban planning and sanitation systems were introduced in Kolhapur city by the royal court.

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⚙️ 6. Economy and Industry

Introduction of cash crops like sugarcane and cotton under British influence.

Small-scale textile and metal crafts developed in Kolhapur (notably the famous Kolhapuri chappals industry).

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✊ 7. Early Signs of Social Reform

Movements against caste discrimination and support for education of lower castes and women began to appear.

Inspired by Jyotiba Phule and other social reformers in Maharashtra.

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