18th century

During the 18th century, Kolhapur experienced major political, military, and cultural developments. Here's a summary of important events and changes in the city during that period:

---

? 1. Rise of the Kolhapur Bhosale Dynasty

After the death of Shivaji Maharaj, the Maratha Empire was split between different family branches.

Kolhapur State was formally established in 1707 by Tara Bai, the widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram, as a separate principality of the Maratha Empire.

Tara Bai declared her son Shivaji II as ruler and ruled as regent.

---

? 2. Rule of Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur

Shivaji II (r. 1710–1714) – Son of Rajaram and Tara Bai.

Sambhaji II (r. 1714–1760) – His rule saw military engagements with the main Maratha line in Satara.

Shahaji I, Jijabai, and others ruled during the later 18th century, continuing the Bhosale dynasty's influence.

---

⚔️ 3. Internal Conflicts and Maratha Rivalries

Frequent conflicts between Kolhapur and Satara branches of the Maratha family.

Power struggles with Peshwas (prime ministers of the Maratha Empire, based in Pune).

These conflicts weakened centralized control, although Kolhapur retained semi-independence.

---

? 4. British East India Company Encounters

British influence started increasing by the late 18th century.

In 1765 and 1792, the British had initial diplomatic and trade contact with Kolhapur rulers.

No full British control yet—but they observed and influenced inter-state Maratha politics.

---

? 5. Cultural and Religious Growth

Kolhapur remained an important pilgrimage site due to the Mahalakshmi Temple.

The city saw construction and renovation of temples, palaces, and fortifications.

Patronage of clical music, theatre, and religious festivals continued under royal support.

---

?️ 6. Urban Expansion and Fortification

Panhala Fort and other forts near Kolhapur remained strongholds.

Expansion of markets, housing, and artisan activity in the city, especially around religious centers.

---