20th century

During the 20th century, Kolhapur underwent major social, political, and economic transformations. Here’s a breakdown of key events and developments in Kolhapur city during the 20th century:

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? Early 20th Century (1900–1947) – Princely State Era under British Rule

1. Shahu Maharaj's Reforms (1894–1922):

Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj, ruler of Kolhapur, was a visionary reformer.

Introduced reservations for backward castes in education and jobs (India’s first).

Promoted universal primary education, especially for women and the marginalized.

Fought against untouchability and supported the work of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.

Supported cooperative movements and modern agriculture.

2. Infrastructure & Institutions:

Established schools, hostels, libraries, and industrial training institutes.

Founded Shivaji University’s early institutions.

Promoted Kolhapur Sangeet – a clical music tradition.

3. Kolhapur Municipality:

Urban governance improved; roads, drainage, and public health systems were introduced.

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?? Mid 20th Century (1947–1960) – Integration into India

1. Independence & Merger (1947–1949):

After India's independence in 1947, Kolhapur State was merged into the Indian Union in 1949.

The princely rule formally ended, and democratic governance began.

2. Formation of Bombay State:

Kolhapur became part of Bombay State.

3. Samyukta Maharashtra Movement:

Kolhapur supported the movement for a separate Marathi-speaking state.

In 1960, Maharashtra state was formed, and Kolhapur became a district within it.

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?️ Late 20th Century (1960–2000) – Industrialization and Urban Growth

1. Industrial Development:

Growth of foundry and engineering industries (especially in Shiroli, Gokul Shirgaon MIDC areas).

Known as an industrial hub for manufacturing and auto parts.

2. Education and Cultural Expansion:

Establishment of Shivaji University in 1962.

Development of arts, sports, and cinema (Kolhapur is known as the cradle of Marathi cinema).

Continued promotion of clical music through the Kolhapur Sangeet tradition.

3. Transport & Urbanization:

Expansion of railway and road networks.

Increase in population and urban infrastructure.

Rise in tourism due to the Mahalakshmi Temple and nearby historical sites.

4. Political Influence:

Kolhapur produced influential leaders in Maharashtra politics.

Saw active participation in social justice and cooperative movements.

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