9th century

During the 9th century CE, Kolhapur continued to grow in religious, political, and cultural importance, under the strong rule of the Rashtrakuta dynasty, which was at the height of its power in the Deccan.

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?️ Kolhapur in the 9th Century CE

1. ? Rashtrakuta Empire – Golden Phase

The Rashtrakutas ruled much of the Deccan, with Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE) being one of their most celebrated kings.

Kolhapur remained a regional stronghold within the empire.

Rashtrakutas were patrons of art, religion, and literature, and Kolhapur benefited from this cultural prosperity.

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2. ? Rise of the Mahalakshmi Temple

The Mahalakshmi Temple in Kolhapur either originated or was significantly developed during the 9th century.

It became one of the Shakti Peethas, sacred sites for goddess worship in India.

Shaktism (Goddess worship) became a major religious identity of Kolhapur.

Shaivism and Vaishnavism also coexisted peacefully.

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3. ? Architecture and Art

Temple-building flourished in the Rashtrakuta empire.

Kolhapur saw:

Development of stone temples in the Dravidian and early Deccan styles.

Sculptural art featuring goddesses, Shiva, Vishnu, and mythological scenes.

Influence from sites like Ellora Caves, which were developed under Rashtrakuta patronage.

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4. ? Language and Literature

Kannada and Sanskrit were used in inscriptions, religious texts, and literature.

Marathi was emerging as a spoken language in the region.

Amoghavarsha I himself was a poet and scholar, which influenced cultural life throughout the empire.

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5. ? Economic and Social Life

Kolhapur’s economy was based on:

Agriculture (sugarcane, rice, grains)

Metalcrafts, especially iron tools and ornaments

Local markets and religious tourism

The city gained importance due to pilgrimage traffic to the Mahalakshmi temple.

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? Summary Table: Kolhapur in the 9th Century

Aspect Description

Ruling Power Rashtrakuta Dynasty, especially under Amoghavarsha I

Religion Rise of Mahalakshmi worship; Shaktism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism

Temple Development Mahalakshmi Temple possibly built or expanded significantly

Language Sanskrit and Kannada (written); Marathi (spoken)

Art & Architecture Stone temple art, inspired by Ellora and Dravidian styles

Economy Agriculture, metal crafts, trade, and religious pilgrimage