12th century

During the 12th century CE, Kolhapur continued to grow as an important political, religious, and cultural center in the Deccan region. This period marks the decline of the Shilahara dynasty in Kolhapur and the rise of the Yadava dynasty, along with continued temple construction and religious activity.

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✅ Major Developments in Kolhapur during the 12th Century

?️ 1. Decline of the Shilaharas of Kolhapur

The Shilahara dynasty, which had ruled Kolhapur from the 8th century, was weakening by the mid-to-late 12th century.

Their last significant ruler was King Bhoja II, who ruled until c. 1210 CE.

The Shilaharas were defeated by the rising Yadava dynasty of Devagiri (modern-day Daulatabad).

By the end of the 12th century, Kolhapur was brought under Yadava control.

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⚔️ 2. Military Conflicts and Political Changes

The 12th century was marked by regional power struggles:

Chalukyas of Kalyani vs. Yadavas of Devagiri

Kolhapur was caught between these powers due to its strategic location.

The Yadavas, under rulers like Bhillama V and Jaitugi I, expanded into Kolhapur and nearby regions.

By the late 12th century, Kolhapur became part of the Yadava Empire, which became dominant in western Maharashtra.

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? 3. Religious and Temple Activities

The Mahalakshmi Temple (Ambabai Temple) in Kolhapur continued to receive patronage and donations.

Stone inscriptions from this time describe:

Land grants

Temple renovations

Religious rituals

Temples of Shiva and Vishnu were also active in the region.

Jain temples and mathas existed and received support from wealthy merchants and noble families.

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? 4. Inscriptions and Records

Inscriptions in Sanskrit and old Kannada/Marathi from the 12th century mention:

Grants of land, cattle, and gold to temples

Names of kings and local chieftains

Religious titles and rituals

These records help us understand the administrative system and economy of Kolhapur at the time.

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? 5. Economy and Urban Life

Kolhapur had a thriving agrarian economy supported by:

Fertile farmland around the Panchganga river

Trade in grains, textiles, and crafts

Artisan communities (stone carvers, weavers, blacksmiths)

The city likely had markets and religious fairs attracting people from nearby regions.

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?‍♀️ 6. Religion and Philosophy

Religious schools and mathas (monastic centers) flourished.

Kolhapur was an important center for Shakta (Goddess) worship.

Philosophical debates and religious festivals contributed to a rich cultural life.

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