20th century
Description
During the 20th century, Kolhapur underwent a dramatic transformation—social reform, modernization, and political change shaped its trajectory. It began the century as a Maratha princely state under British rule and ended it as a district in independent India. Here’s a detailed overview of what happened in Kolhapur during the 20th century:
?️ 1. Progressive Rule under Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj (1894–1922)
? Social Reformer King
Shahu Maharaj, ruler of Kolhapur, was one of India’s most progressive monarchs.
He abolished untouchability, supported inter-caste dining, and promoted education for the lower castes.
He implemented reservations (affirmative action) for backward communities in government jobs—the first of its kind in India.
? Education Reforms
Opened schools for Dalits and girls.
Founded Hostels, Boarding schools, and Industrial Training Institutes.
Promoted non-Brahmin access to Sanskrit education, breaking orthodoxy.
? 2. Cultural and Religious Renaissance
Revival of Marathi theater, literature, and arts.
The Mahalaxmi Temple continued to be an important religious and cultural hub.
Shahu Maharaj supported the work of Jyotiba Phule, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, and other reformers.
?? 3. Freedom Movement and Political Change
? Nationalism and Political Activity
Though Kolhapur was a princely state, freedom struggle sentiments spread through student and workers’ movements.
Non-cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements influenced locals.
Kolhapur Praja Parishad (People's Council) formed to demand more democracy and civil rights within the princely state.
? Integration into Independent India
In 1947, India gained independence.
In 1949, Kolhapur acceded to the Union of India, ending royal rule.
It was merged into Bombay State, and later became part of Maharashtra State in 1960.
?️ 4. Post-Independence Modernization
?️ Urban Development
Kolhapur saw industrialization, especially in:
Textiles (Kolhapuri chappals became a symbol of local industry)
Sugar factories
Engineering and casting industries
?️ Infrastructure Growth
Road and rail connectivity improved.
Educational institutions like Shivaji University (est. 1962) elevated Kolhapur as an academic center.
? 5. Social Progress and Legacy
Kolhapur became a model district for social justice, women's education, and reservation policies.
The legacy of Shahu Maharaj and later leaders inspired movements for Dalit rights, OBC empowerment, and rural development.
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